The word ineluctable in paragraph 1 mostly means ______.
virtually unavoidable
Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?
Yet the novelty of dashboards can distract from a stubborn truth: coordination costs still accrue across agencies.
[IV]
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?
Public dashboards transform streaming city data into shared sense-making, enabling early anomaly detection and informed, contestable choices for ordinary residents.
What does the passage imply enables participatory planning within digital twins?
Accessible visualisations for lay users
According to paragraph 3, predictive maintenance alerts allow cities ______.
to schedule repairs before failures cascade and reduce costly, disruptive emergency interventions
What chiefly distinguishes Digital Twin Citizens from passive service recipients?
They interrogate assumptions, annotate proposals, and influence trade-offs via transparent, continuously updating civic interfaces.
The phrase this civic mirror in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
public dashboards
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
When evidence from twins is publicly legible, political incentives can shift toward prevention, because voters witness rationale and results before crises materialise.
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
Far from being a techno-toy, the twin compels officials to justify interventions with legible evidence, thereby disciplining impulse and rewarding foresight.
By demanding clear rationales for actions, the twin tames rash decision-making and rewards plans supported by transparent, comprehensible proof.
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
Digital twins, opened to citizens, transform data into shared judgement, enabling preventive, equitable management rather than reactive, opaque fixes.
convening
commercial
gamut
moderated
establish
forging
Many historians contend that, without this intense geopolitical competition, space exploration would have advanced considerably more slowly
Following this milestone, attention shifted toward establishing a sustained human presence in orbit through space station initiatives
These collaborative ventures include the International Space Station, where astronauts from various nations conduct experiments cooperatively
Policymakers have been explained the significance of these discoveries, helping justify sustained investment in space exploration programs
Upcoming expeditions must navigate numerous technical challenges, including radiation protection and life support system reliability
a. At the same time, nearshoring trends opened opportunities in regional trade, reducing logistics uncertainty significantly.
b. As competitiveness deepens, workforce upskilling and green financing become decisive for durable export momentum ahead.
c. Northern clusters specialised in performance fabrics; southern hubs focused on design-driven, higher-margin capsules instead.
d. Upgraded machinery and lean workflows improved productivity, while compliance programs met sustainability requirements from buyers.
e. Textile exports rebounded strongly, as orders diversified and supply chains adjusted to new standards globally.
e-d-c-a-b
Dear Mr. Ahmed,
a. The award includes full tuition remission and a living allowance of £1,500 monthly throughout your two-year programme.
b. Congratulations! You have been awarded the International Excellence Scholarship at Cambridge Institute of Technology.
c. To secure this scholarship, submit your acceptance declaration and supporting documents via the student portal by February 1st.
d. Initial disbursement occurs upon enrolment confirmation, with subsequent payments released monthly on the first business day.
e. For queries about award conditions or payment schedules, reach our scholarship office at awards@cambridge-tech.ac.uk or ring 01223-456789.
Warm wishes,
Scholarships Administration
b-a-d-c-e
a. Dr. Peterson: You’re very welcome, Hannah. Your dedication to this project has been impressive.
b. Hannah: Your feedback has been incredibly valuable and has really helped shape my arguments.
c. Hannah: Dr. Peterson, I wanted to thank you for all your guidance on my dissertation research.
c-b-a
a. Amelia: Do you still use cameras or just take photos with your phone?
b. Henry: Mostly my phone now, but cameras produce higher-quality pictures.
c. Amelia: I agree, though smartphones make photography more accessible.
d. Henry: Yes, each captures memories in its own unique way.
e. Amelia: It’s amazing how both can express art and emotion differently.
a-b-c-d-e
a. During my sophomore year, I joined the university newspaper while carrying five demanding courses simultaneously.
b. I thought I could handle both responsibilities brilliantly without sacrificing sleep or social connections.
c. Unfortunately, chronic exhaustion affected my writing quality and my academic performance declined noticeably across all subjects.
d. This challenging semester was instructive and revealed that overcommitment ultimately compromises everything rather than enhancing anything.
e. Afterward, I resigned from the newspaper and focused on academics, learning to prioritize commitments based on capacity.
a-b-c-e-d
Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 1?
The difficulty in comparison arises partly from divergent definitions of “subsidy.”
The word murky in paragraph 1 can be best replaced by ______?
opaque
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a form of support for renewables?
Guaranteed fuel tax rebates for wind and solar
The word these in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
capital works, fiscal concessions, and lax externality pricing
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlinedsentence in paragraph 1?
Since what counts as a subsidy is unsettled and hidden benefits resist quantification, strict, equal comparisons break down.
The word underwrite in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
expose
Which paragraph mentions that entrenched assistance for fossil fuels often comes via infrastructure and tax settings?
Paragraph 3
Which paragraph mentions that bold budget packages channel significant funding toward clean projects without always using direct cash transfers?
Paragraph 2
contributions
valuable critical skills
or
pinch
run
except
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